Nptel civil engineering sewage treatment wastewater scribd. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a stateoftheart presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Let us consider a rectangular sedimentation tank that has a length l, a vertical section s h. Civil engineering water and waste water engineering nptel. Lecture notes water and wastewater treatment engineering civil. Among commonly available disinfectants, ozone is the most powerful oxidant and disinfectant. Water quality and estimation of organic content contd. The most common aerators used in water treatment are. Civil engineers are vital in the treatment and delivery of water to your household. These flfilters use sand and crushdhed anthracite coal on a graded gravel base.
In gravity aerators, water is allowed to fall by gravity such that a large area of water is exposed to atmosphere, sometimes aided by turbulence. Clariflocculator water treatment waste water treatment. Follow manufacturers directions carefully if you are using polyseed. In that time, the suspended particles are settled at the bottom of the tank.
Water treatment step tostep to conventional water treatment dr. Environmental and health aspects of water treatment and supply design of water treatment facilities katsuyoshi tomono, yasumoto magara encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the following are the basic criteria for the design of water treatment facilities using the above methods. It removes existing water contaminants and so reduces their concentration that the water becomes fit for its desired application. Rapid sand water filter does not use biological filtration and. Any particular use will have certain requirements for. This manual has been developed by the central public health and environmental engineering organisation cpheeo, a department under the ministry of urban development moud and serves as a standard guide in public health engineering by providing a code of day to day practice for public health engineers to follow. Filtration tanks are used in all types of water treatment. All of these important topics are thoroughly discussed in handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations. The biological wastewater treatment series is based on the book biological wastewater treatment in warm climate regions and on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. As our population and industry grew to their present size, increased levels of treatment prior to discharging domestic. Jun 06, 2017 introduction water treatment is the process of making water suitable or acceptable for an enduse. Wastewater treatment plant characteristics sequencing of unit operations and processes. Primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatment. It removes existing water contaminants and so reduces their concentration that the water becomes fit for its desired.
The rapid sand filter rsf water treatment equipment differs from the slow sand filter water treatment equipment in a variety of ways, the most important of which are the much greater water treatment filtration rate and the ability to clean automatically using back washing. Municipal wastewater collection and treatment philosophy. Filtration is a solid liquid separation process in which the liquid passes through a porous medium to remove as much fine suspended solids as possible 5. The plant carries out the necessary treatment process to produce water which is safe for direct discharge into the river or sea see fig 1. The rapid sand filter rsf water treatment equipment differs from the slow sand filter water treatment equipment in a variety of ways, the most important of which are the much greater filtration rate and the ability to clean automatically using back washing. Types of sedimentation tanks used in water treatment. In earlier years, the natural treatment process in streams and lakes was adequate to perform basic wastewater treatment. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. In practice, ozone is used heavily in europe and is often used in. This is the first stage of sewage treatment plant process and its main objective is the removal of coarse solids and other large materials often found in raw wastewater. The groups who may find the handbook useful include. In case of fill and draw type sedimentation tank, water from inlet is stored for some time. These steps together are referred to as preliminary treatment.
After 24 hours, the water is discharged through outlet. Clariflocculator shall have two concentric tanks with inner tank serving as flocculation. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Civil engineers design, monitor and maintain water treatment plants and water supplies. Water treatment plants present capacity chandrawal 103 mgd wazirabad 2 mgd haiderpur 225 mgd nangloi 40 mgd bhagirathi 105 mgd sonia vihar 140 mgd map showing location of water treatment plants in delhi. The introduction chapter 1 for these design data collection guidelines contains additional information concerning. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. The basis of sewage treatment in the vast majority of treatment plants is enhanced natural biological action and rarely, chemical treatment. Any particular use will have certain requirements for the physical, chemical or. Lecture 7 water treatment system unit operations youtube. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. Lecture notes water and wastewater treatment engineering. Primary treatment of wastewater involves sedimentation of solid waste within the water. Oxidation ponds, also called lagoons or stabilization ponds, are large, shallow ponds designed to treat wastewater through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria, and algae.
Disinfection with chlorine is the most widely used method for large water supplies but its application is less common in small supplies. Lecture 1 introduction to water and wastewater treatment processes significant dates in public water supply 97 inhabitants in ancient rome use about 38 gpcd. Introduction to water treatment peter hillis principal process engineer united utilities 2. We provide complete, turnkey systems, which handle the water from source to discharge. Chapter 2 water quality this chapter was prepared by m. Wastewater is passed through several tanks and filters that separate water from contaminants. In fact, there are three distinct steps involved in traditional wastewater treatment methods. Wastewater laboratory basics sampling, ammonia, bod, chlorine residual, fecal coliform, ph, solids. This is done after filtering out larger contaminants within the water. Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused. We have adopted a threephase approach to treating industrial wastewater. The three phases are pretreatment, chemical treatment, and posttreatment. Paul guyer is a registered mechanical engineer, civil engineer, fire protection engineer and architect with over 35 years experience in the design of buildings and related infrastructure.
At low concentration levels, the settling speed increases as the floc increases in size through collision. The combined unit of flocculator and clarifier is known as clariflocculator in waste water treatment process. The handbook provides basic information on water treatment processes and water supply that should also be useful for other people involved in water treatment and water supply, including engineers and scientists. Sewage treatment plant is a facility designed to receive the waste from domestic, commercial and industrial sources and to remove materials that damage water. Earthen jars used to store water it is good to keep water in copper vessels, to expose it to sunlight and.
Water treatment plant wtp processes that are commonly used in getting clean potable water to your household. Sand, eggshells and other coarse inorganic material is present in the flow in addition to organic matter from household, industrial, commercial and institutional water use. Water resources engineering civil engineering engc 6305. Malkki water quality is a term used here to express the suitability of water to sustain various uses or processes. Civil engineering water resources engineering nptel. Most water treatment practices including coagulation, flocculation and clarification, date back hundreds and in some cases thousands of years. Though often used interchangeably with coagulation, it is in fact a distinct process that. Preliminary treatment operations typically include large filtering screens, grit removal and, in some cases, breaking of large objects. Disinfection is not sterilization which is the destruction of all mos including spores. The combined unit of flocculator and clarifier is known as clariflocculator in waste water treatment proce. An introduction to advanced wastewater treatment j. Flocculation water treatment plants,wastewater treatment. Introduction to water treatment linkedin slideshare.
Ultraviolet irradiation is the most common disinfection method found in private supplies. Aerate dilution water for an hour after adding nutrients. Wastewater treatment wastewater treatment oxidation pond. With municipal water treatment, the purpose of disinfection is to kill the growing form of pathogenic microorganisms, not necessarily the resistant spore forms, through the use of chemicals or ozone. Several disinfection methods are used in water treatment. Two holding reservoirs supply water to a treatment plant that processes the water to remove impurities and adds chemicals to bring the water into compliance with the environmental protection agency epa regulations on clean water for drinking and commercial cooking. This means that water is fully treated before being. Pdf a performance indicators system for urban wastewater. Field trip to city of cambridge water treatment plant. In large waste water treatment plants, the flocculator and the clarifier are combined together to achieve economy in construction. Design and construction of sludge treatment facilities table 6.
List of water treatment plants in delhi water treatment plants present capacity. Media layers are arranged in a course to fine gradation in the direction of flow, which allows greater depth of penetration of floc particles. The following are the basic criteria for the design of water treatment facilities using the above methods. Nptel civil engineering water and waste water engineering. Theres a lot more that goes into wastewater treatment than you might think. Handbook of water and wastewater treatment plant operations. Energy efficiency in water treatment plant design 2. Protect public health provide safe drinking water waterborne disease cryptosporidium e. Coli cholera giardia polio typhoid malaria botulism hepatitis legionellosis 3.
There are various different types of sedimentation. Nptel civil engineering water and waste water engineering free download as pdf file. For an additional 9 years he was a principal advisor to. Chemical treatment adsorption and ion exchange pdf 2.
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